France has long been regarded as one of the most influential countries in the world when it comes to culture, history, and innovation. But beyond its art, literature, and architecture, France also offers one of the most robust higher education systems in Europe.
Public universities in France are among the most attractive choices for students who want access to high-quality education at an affordable cost. With more than 70 government-funded universities and hundreds of specialized schools, France attracts hundreds of thousands of international students every year.
For students looking to pursue undergraduate, master’s, or doctoral degrees, France’s public universities provide not only affordability but also academic excellence, global exposure, and career opportunities.
In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about public universities in France, including the best institutions, their programs, affordable options, scholarships, admission process, and why France is such a popular destination for higher education.
Why Choose Public Universities in France?
France stands out as a study destination because of the unique blend of academic rigor, cultural richness, and affordability that its universities provide.
Public universities are funded by the French government, which means tuition fees are relatively low compared to other European and North American countries.
For example, many bachelor’s programs cost around €2,770 per year, while master’s programs may cost approximately €3,770 per year. In comparison, studying in countries like the USA or UK could cost ten times more.
In addition to affordability, France’s public universities offer:
- Global recognition: Degrees from French universities are internationally respected, especially in fields like science, engineering, arts, and business.
- Diverse programs: From engineering and medicine to business, fashion, and data science, French universities provide programs in almost every academic field.
- English-taught options: Many public universities now offer bachelor’s and master’s programs entirely in English, making them accessible to non-French speakers.
- Cultural experience: Living in France means exposure to world-class art, architecture, history, and cuisine while studying in a multicultural environment.
- Research opportunities: Public universities are at the forefront of European research, often collaborating with industries and international institutions.
Structure of Public Universities in France
France has more than 70 public universities, spread across different regions. These institutions differ from Grandes Écoles, which are elite but often private or semi-public.
Public universities generally admit larger numbers of students and cover a wider range of disciplines. They operate under the supervision of the French Ministry of Higher Education and are accessible to both local and international students.
Public universities offer:
- Licence (Bachelor’s degree): Three years of study.
- Master’s degree: Two additional years after the licence.
- Doctorate (PhD): Usually three years of advanced research after a master’s degree.
This LMD system (Licence-Master-Doctorat) aligns with the Bologna Process, making French degrees easily recognized across Europe and worldwide.
List of Major Public Universities in France
Here is a list of well-known public universities in France that play a central role in the country’s education system:
- Sorbonne University (Paris)
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Université PSL (Paris Sciences et Lettres)
- Université Grenoble Alpes
- Université de Lyon
- Aix-Marseille University
- Université de Strasbourg
- Université de Bordeaux
- Université de Lille
- Université de Montpellier
- Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier
- Université de Nantes
- Université Côte d’Azur (Nice)
- Université de Rennes 1
- Université de Lorraine
- Université de Bourgogne (Dijon)
- Université de Clermont Auvergne
- Université d’Angers
These universities cover a vast range of programs across sciences, humanities, social sciences, business, law, and technology.
Top Public Universities in France
Some public universities consistently rank among the best in the world for their teaching, research, and innovation. Below are the most prestigious institutions:
1. Sorbonne University
Located in Paris, Sorbonne University is one of the most famous universities in the world, especially for arts, humanities, and sciences. With roots dating back to the 13th century, Sorbonne offers programs in law, medicine, science, engineering, and the arts. It is particularly known for research in literature, history, mathematics, and physics.
2. Université PSL (Paris Sciences et Lettres)
PSL is a federation of leading institutions in Paris, including the École Normale Supérieure. It is considered one of the most selective and research-oriented public universities in France, with a strong reputation in science, arts, and humanities.
3. Université Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay specializes in science and technology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science. It consistently ranks among the top institutions globally for research output and is often compared to MIT or Stanford in terms of innovation.
4. Université Grenoble Alpes
This university is a hub for innovation and research, particularly in technology, natural sciences, and environmental studies. Its location near the French Alps also provides unique opportunities for students in geology, climate sciences, and engineering.
5. Aix-Marseille University
As one of the largest universities in France, Aix-Marseille offers programs across law, economics, health, science, and humanities. Its medical and business schools are highly regarded internationally.
6. Université de Strasbourg
This university has a strong focus on research and international collaboration. It is particularly renowned for chemistry, physics, medicine, and life sciences.
7. Université de Bordeaux
Located in southwestern France, Bordeaux is highly respected for programs in health sciences, neuroscience, and oenology (wine studies). It is also known for its contributions to digital sciences and materials research.
8. Université de Lyon
The University of Lyon is a cluster of higher education institutions and is especially strong in business, social sciences, and law.
9. Université de Lille
With a large student body, Lille offers diverse programs and is known for its contributions to medical research, engineering, and business studies.
10. Université de Montpellier
One of the oldest universities in the world, Montpellier is globally recognized for life sciences, ecology, and medicine.
Affordable Public Universities in France
One of the biggest advantages of studying in France is affordability. While private institutions can be expensive, public universities charge very low tuition fees because of state funding. Some particularly affordable universities include:
- Université de Strasbourg
- Université de Nantes
- Université de Lille
- Université de Montpellier
- Université de Lorraine
On average, international students can expect to pay between €2,770 and €3,770 per year in tuition, making France one of the most budget-friendly study destinations in Europe.
Public Universities in France for International Students
France welcomes more than 400,000 international students every year, making it one of the most popular destinations worldwide.
Public universities provide a wide range of English-taught programs, especially at the master’s level, and offer strong support services such as language courses, orientation sessions, and housing assistance.
Popular choices for international students include:
- Sorbonne University
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Université Grenoble Alpes
- Aix-Marseille University
- Université de Bordeaux
- Université de Lyon
Without IELTS
Some public universities in France accept international students without requiring IELTS if they can prove prior education in English or pass university-specific language assessments. Examples include:
- Université Grenoble Alpes
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Université de Lyon
Public Universities in France by Discipline
Engineering
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Université Grenoble Alpes
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)
- INSA Lyon
Computer Science
- Sorbonne University
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Université Grenoble Alpes
- Université de Lille
Data Science
- Université PSL
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Université Grenoble Alpes
Business and Economics
- Sorbonne University
- Université de Lyon
- Université de Strasbourg
Medicine and Health Sciences
- Université de Montpellier
- Aix-Marseille University
- Université de Strasbourg
- Université de Bordeaux
Fashion and Arts
- Université de la Mode (Université de Lyon)
- Université Paris 8
- Sorbonne University (arts and humanities programs)
Public Universities in France by Degree Level
Bachelor’s Programs
- Université de Lille
- Université de Montpellier
- Aix-Marseille University
- Université de Bordeaux
Master’s Programs
- Sorbonne University
- Université PSL
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Université Grenoble Alpes
PhD Programs
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Université PSL
- Université de Strasbourg
- Université Grenoble Alpes
MBA Programs
- Sorbonne University
- Université PSL
- Université de Lyon
- Université de Strasbourg
Scholarships at Public Universities in France
France provides multiple scholarship opportunities for international students, often funded by the government, universities, or international organizations. Some key scholarships include:
- Eiffel Excellence Scholarship Program: For master’s and PhD students.
- Erasmus+ Scholarships: For EU and international students.
- Campus France Scholarships: A wide range of financial aid options for foreign students.
- Regional Scholarships: Provided by local governments or regions like Île-de-France or Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.
These scholarships can cover tuition fees, living expenses, or both.
Student Life in France
Studying in France offers more than just academic benefits. Students enjoy a rich cultural experience, with access to world-class museums, theaters, and festivals.
The cost of living varies by city: Paris is more expensive, with living costs around €1,200–€1,500 per month, while smaller cities like Lyon, Lille, or Toulouse can be more affordable at €800–€1,000 per month.
Accommodation options include student residences (CROUS), private apartments, and shared housing. Public transportation is reliable and student discounts are widely available.
Application Process for Public Universities in France
- Choose a Program: Research universities and programs through Campus France or individual university websites.
- Prepare Documents: Transcripts, language certificates (English or French), CV, and motivation letter.
- Apply through Campus France: Many applications for international students are centralized through Campus France’s platform.
- Admission Decision: Wait for acceptance from the university.
- Apply for Visa: Once accepted, students need to apply for a French student visa.
- Arrival and Enrollment: Complete registration at the university after arrival.
Conclusion:
Public universities in France offer one of the best combinations of affordability, academic quality, and cultural experience in the world. With globally recognized institutions like Sorbonne University, Université PSL, and Université Paris-Saclay, France is home to top-ranked programs across disciplines.
Whether you are interested in engineering, computer science, business, fashion, or medicine, France has a public university to match your goals. The availability of English-taught programs, scholarships, and welcoming student communities makes France an attractive destination for international students.
By choosing a French public university, students can access high-quality education while enjoying one of the most culturally rich and historically significant countries in Europe.
